Yet the utility of trenches for defensive posture has remained in use ever since. To overcome the stalemate, maneuver warfare tactics were developed. Anthony Saunders in the book Trench Warfare 1850 – 1950, describes “the trench warfare is a military operations between two entrenched armies, in which neither side can breach or outflank the defenses of the other so that breakthrough cannot be achieved, irrespective of the size or type of operation carried out to achieve that aim.” It is important to note the infantry tactics to break the stalemate caused by trench warfare eventually led to more death and destruction on both sides. Many strategic experts including noted American military theorist and Professor Dennis Hart Mahan criticized the “open frontal assault as a careless disregard of life,” moreover Mahan argued that “American soldier must fight with tactical principles that ensured minimum risk while they retained offensive capability.” The American and European military experts realized that frontal assault should be carried out when one has an advantage of surprise otherwise the more suited alternative is to use trenches that provide better protection and expected results in the battlefield. The primary reason behind waging trench warfare was to reduce the number of casualties and provide a fortified position for soldiers against the enemy forces. Though this was not intended for the modern day version of trench warfare like the case in First World War, it genesis has been well marked. In the 17th century Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban laid out the basic tenets of trench warfare. In the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war one can see the extensive use of the trenches to mitigate these challenges. One of the effective and proven ways to overcome these challenges and to protect infantry units from enemy’s hostile fire is the use of trenches…. Therefore, the article focuses on understanding the role trench warfare and its relevance in modern day battlefield with specific reference to ongoing Ukraine –Russia war using open source satellite imagery. As the Ukraine – Russia war continues, both sides have built elaborate network of trenches to defend their territories from enemy fire. One of the effective and proven ways to overcome these challenges and to protect infantry units from enemy’s hostile fire is the use of trenches. As such defenses against such an evolving threat are becoming a present day challenge. Aerial drones and satellite guidance are able to pinpoint enemy position and call in for aerial and artillery strikes. The Ukraine–Russia war is a current example of how man-portable Anti Tank/Anti Tank Aircraft Guided Missile systems are proving to be effective against Russian’s military hardware. We are also witnessing new evolution in the modern battle field where-in man-portable weapons systems are playing vital role in deciding the course of war. This change is due to the induction of latest weapon systems that can track and destroy enemy positions with pinpoint accuracy while reducing collateral damage. The characteristics of war are rapidly changing in the 21st century.
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To append elements from another list to the current list, use the. If you use a dictionary, you must use ascii. If a character is not specified in the dictionary/table, the character will not be replaced. Use the maketrans () method to create a mapping table. Python Overview Python Built-in Functions Python String Methods Python List Methods Python Dictionary Methods Python Tuple Methods Python Set Methods Python File Methods Python. Note: As a result of the examples above, the lists will now contain 4 items. The translate () method returns a string where some specified characters are replaced with the character described in a dictionary, or in a mapping table. Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method Dictionary Methods. Create your own website with W3Schools Spaces - no setup required. Python Dictionaries Access Items Change Items Add Items Remove Items Loop Dictionaries Copy Dictionaries Nested Dictionaries Dictionary Methods Dictionary Exercise Python If.Else Python While Loops Python For Loops Python Functions Python Lambda Python Arrays Python Classes/Objects Python Inheritance Python Iterators Python Polymorphism Python Scope Python Modules Python Dates Python Math Python JSON Python RegEx Python PIP Python Try. W3Schools offers a wide range of services and products for beginners and professionals, helping millions of people everyday to learn and master new skills. The generic-coloured pawns and simplistic murder weapon pieces, are replaced with sculpted character movers made of metal with golden finish and richly textured weapons for a more captivating and aesthetically pleasing feel. The entire box set is designed to resemble Boddy Black’s desk, which is covered with blackmail evidence he’s acquired – giving players a chance to discover more intel to unfold the mystery. The new Cluedo board expands to a 20 by 20-inch gameplay canvas, giving players a bird’s-eye overview of the intricate Tudor Mansion. “This next chapter of Cluedo invites even more gameplay immersion as players see themselves in a sophisticated fictional murder mystery and crime solving experience.” “For years, the inspired mysteries of Cluedo have excited fans across the globe through countless game night interrogations, cult classic entertainment offerings and iconic pop culture fandom moments, and today we have a game that more accurately reflects the diversity of its players,” said Adam Biehl, SVP & general manager, Hasbro Gaming. Each playable Cluedo suspect has been thoughtfully revamped to reflect a new character, with a meaningful backstory and motive that will engross players in the world of Cluedo. Players can choose to play as Miss Scarlett, Colonel Mustard, Mayor Green, Chef White, Solicitor Peacock, or Professor Plum and race against other players to crack the case by gathering evidence and narrowing down choices. This Cluedo murder mystery game is beautifully reimagined with a dazzling cast, luxurious setting and fresh storyline. The next chapter of Cluedo is now available at most major retailers. has announced that the iconic mystery-solving board game Cluedo, known in the US as Clue, has received a refresh that combines classic Cluedo gameplay with new takes on the original murder mystery storyline, an intriguing diverse cast, highly-stylised game pieces and the glamorous Tudor Mansion. The classic immersive tabletop board game where the murder of Boddy Black must be solved, has been reimagined for a new generation. Step 2 : Hit Return > Return > enter password to begin the installation of Homebrew. Step 3: Once the Homebrew is installed, start to download libdvdcss on Mac: open Terminal and enter "brew install libdvdcss", hit enter. Step 4: After the libdvdcss is downloade and installed on Mac, you can use Handbrake to rip encrypted DVDs. #2 How to Download Libdvdcss for Handbrake on Mac without Homebrewįor those who don't want to use Homebrew, there is a method to manually download libdvdcss on Mac. The only thing to note is, the location of the library on newer system is now placed in the folder /usr/local/lib than /usr/lib. To download Handbrake libdvdcss on Mac, open a Terminal and enter the following command line. You will need to enter a password of an account with administrative privileges when you run the command line for the first time. If any error occurs, run the command: sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/lib. How to Rip Protected DVD on Mac without Libdvdcss Once the libdvdcss is installed on Mac, completely restart Handbrake and it will automatically use the libdvdcss to rip a copy-protected DVD. To install libdvdcss on Mac may be troublesome for non-tech savvy users. Besides, Handbrake with libdvdcss only can rip CSS-protected DVD and remove DVD region code. In fact, there are self-contained DVD rippers that can rip any protected DVDs on Mac without using libdvdcss. MacX DVD Ripper Pro will decrypt and copy encrypted DVDs to MP4, MOV, AVI, HEVC, H.264, MPEG4, FLV, iPhone, iPad, Android, TV, and more without any plug-ins or add-ons. With the advanced DVD decoding/encoding engine, title check mechanism and unique DVD analysis techology, it can rip encrypted DVDs with aplomb, no matter the CSS, Region Code 1-6, RCE, UOPs, or Sony ARccOS, Disney Fake.įree download this protected DVD ripper on Mac and fire it up. Click "DVD Disc" or "DVD Path" button to load the DVD on your MacBook, iMac 4K/5K Retina, etc. Unlike Handbrake, this DVD ripper for Mac will take a few seconds and automatically choose the right title without the aid of libdvdcss.įrom the pop-up window, pick up the output video format for mobile device you need. You can choose to rip DVDs to MP4, MKV, MOV, AVI, etc. Of course, the Apple, Android, Microsoft handheld device profiles are also available for you.įind the "Browse" and click to choose the output folder. Step 4: Start Copyright Protected DVD RippingĬlick "RUN" button and this DVD decrypter's decoding engine will start to decode and rip DVDs on Mac. Just a few mins, you can eventually get your digital copy of DVD movies in 1:1 ratio. Note: The software developer calls for copying or ripping DVD under the concept of Fair Use and does not encourage any illegal reproduction or distribution of copyrighted content. Please abide by the local DVD copyright law before doing it.The perfect tool to convert your videos without spending a dime. With HandBrake for Mac, rip your DVDs without paying a penny ever again. Whether you want to convert a few videos or need to manage bulk conversions, the software doesn’t cost a dime. The best part is that HandBrake delivers excellent results without much downtime. HandBrake (Mac) allows you to codify a double soundtrack while performing two-pass conversions. The bitrate calculator is another excellent feature. It automatically changes the video quality as per the file size. If the video you’re trying to convert has black edges, they can be easily removed. It helps with the overall display of the final output. Other useful features include subtitles support, chapter selection, and grayscale encoding. Unlike its competitors, HandBrake has a simple graphical user interface (GUI). 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When this list is rendered, it looks like this: References GitLab Flavored Markdown (GLFM).Multiple underscores in words and mid-word emphasis.Features extended from standard Markdown.Show the issue, work item or merge request summary in the reference.Show the issue, merge request, or epic title in the reference.Features not found in standard Markdown.Differences between GitLab Flavored Markdown and standard Markdown.Where you can use GitLab Flavored Markdown.Once you're done editing, select the Checkmark icon to save your changes. If you want to undo the subscript, just select the Subscript icon again. Once the Subscript icon is selected, your highlighted text should immediately appear as a subscript. This icon looks like "X" with a little number two at the bottom of it. Step 4: Choose the Text tab in the menu that appears. Then choose the Format icon at the top of your screen. Step 3: Now select the text you want to subscript. Then select the document you want to add a subscript to. Step 1: Open the Docs app on your mobile device. Screenshot Subscript on the Google Docs mobile appĪpplying subscript to a Google Doc in the Docs mobile app is actually quite similar to how you would apply superscript in the mobile app. That's it! Your text should now be in subscript. To turn off typing in subscript, simply press the shortcut again before resuming typing. You can also type in subscript by using the following keyboard shortcut: CTRL +, (comma). Step 3: From the menu that appears, choose Text. Step 2: Select the text you want to subscript. Step 1: Go to the Google Docs website and open the document you want to add a subscript to. Just like you can superscript on the Google Docs web interface, you can also subscript. To remove the superscript, follow the same steps to deselect the format. Step 5: You’ll then see your text formatted as superscript. This appears as an "X" with a superscript 2, like an exponent. Step 4: When you see the format tools pop up at the bottom, select the Superscript icon. This looks like an uppercase "A" with four lines on Android and an uppercase underlined "A" on iPhone. Step 3: Tap the Format button at the top. Tap and hold the word on Android or double-tap it on iPhone. Step 2: Select the text you want to superscript. Step 1: Select the Edit button (pencil icon) on the bottom right to open edit mode. Launch the Google Docs app on Android or iPhone and open your document. You can apply superscript in Google Docs on your mobile device using the Format tool. Superscript in Google Docs in the mobile app To remove the superscript, follow these same steps and deselect the superscript format or use the same keyboard shortcut. To use a keyboard shortcut instead, select your desired text and then press Ctrl +. Step 4: You’ll see your selected text above the surrounding text and in a bit smaller font. Step 3: Choose Superscript in the pop-out menu. Google’s ChatGPT rival just launched in search. How to use Google SGE - try out the search generative experience for yourself What is Google Bard? Here’s how to use this ChatGPT rival Now it’s nearly flat and I can’t plug the charger in. I was going to get a new battery to test but my luck has been very bad this week with my bmw suspension support braking while on the freeway going 65mph and 4 1/2 rolls later my note 8 is somewhere on that freeway getting smashed to bits.at least I didn't die.but then the next night my truck got burglarized with my ifixit protech toolkit and iPhone parts stolen.so yeah FML. Reply Me too (46) Similar questions iPhone 11 won't charge after receiving water damage I dropped my iPhone 11 in the toilet, fished it out straight away, dried it and left it overnight in a container of dry rice. Take it to a repair guy - if such a thing still exists or replace it. Without turning it on, plug your phone into the charger. After repeating the steps and bringing it back to life once more this time it actually gave me an error log saying the "phone is too cold to charge"! Like an overheating message but I didn't think it was possible! To cold?! Wow.hopefully the battery just had a defective integrated temp sensor.but that's just a guess and I recommend just sending it to Samsung and back up your data. It seems to have suffered a catastrophic failure from something internal sustaining physical damage. Calibrating your Phone Battery Let your battery drain completely and let the phone shut off by itself. I want to add that even after bringing it back to life and a new firmware update, One night connected at 17% life (because I just didn't ever let it go 0 again) I went to sleep and woke up to a completely dead phone again. AVIFs can be up to 30% lighter compared to other web-facing formats such as WebP, meaning they support higher levels of compression without a discernible drop in quality. AVIF (or AV1 Image File Format) is a next-generation image format, designed to produce lightweight, high-quality images for the web. MacOS Ventura adds support for AVIF files in Safari and from now on, you can open and edit AVIF images in Pixelmator Pro, too. Quick Look previews of Pixelmator Pro documents now open ultra-fast in Spotlight and Finder, and even the largest and most complex of designs, such as templates or mockups, are ready to edit in an instant. We’ve completely overhauled document opening in Pixelmator Pro 3.1 with state-of-the-art performance improvements that now let you preview and open Pixelmator Pro documents faster than ever before. If you haven’t updated yet, now is a good time to do it! Take your daily multitasking to a whole new level by seamlessly switching between Pixelmator Pro windows or other apps using Stage Manager, easily bring up Quick Look previews of Pixelmator Pro documents in Spotlight, and more. Pixelmator Pro looks and works better than ever on macOS Ventura, and we’re sure you’re going to enjoy the incredible new features that come with the new version of macOS. Pixelmator Pro 3.1 is now fully compatible with the powerful new macOS Ventura, brings blazingly-fast document opening experience, adds initial support for AVIF images, introduces corner radius improvements, including an all-new, smooth corner style together with options for adjusting the radius of individual corners. Hey folks! Pixelmator Pro has just received an awesome new update and we’re buzzing to tell you all about it. NovemPixelmator Pro 3.1 adds support for macOS 13, AVIF images, introduces smooth corner style, and more This app is designed to work with any Printer or Printer/Scanner. If it still doesn’t work, then you can install this “ HP Easy Scan” app from Mac App Store. Now do a fresh install of HP Printer Drivers by downloading those from this link of Apple. This way now, you have deleted every traces of HP Printers from your computer. When on desktop, Open Macintosh HD by double-clicking on it.įrom the “ Printers” list, select your Printer you own and click (-) minus button to delete it. This would force HP Scan to reconnect with the scanner, and now scanning should work. “ Choose an HP Scanner” dialog box would open, select “ My (Bonjour)” device from it.Open “ Browse Scanners” and select “ Scanner” from the drop-down list.In order to get “ HP Scan” working, here are the steps: Click OK, and you’re done enabling Apple’s “Image Capture.”.Open “ Scan to Computer” from the dialog box.Then here’s what you need to do:įor getting Apple’s “Image Capture” to work: So, assuming that you still don’t manage to get the Apple “Image Capture” or “HP Scan” to work. This should solve your scanning issue of HP Office Jet Pro with Mac OS X Yosemite. If by chance, you can’t find your printer in the selection list, then you can select “ AirPrint” Driver.Ĭlick OK, and you’re done.Now open Print & Scan settings, select “ Add Printer or Scanner,” and Select the Printer you have.Reboot your computer and then download the latest drivers of HP printers from this link (official drivers from Apple) for Mac OS X operating system and install it.ĭo keep your printer connected via Ethernet during installation process. Then click the “ Repair Disk Permissions” button provided at the bottom of the dialog box.Select your current hard drive/partition drive on the left (which would be shown by name “ Macintosh HD” for most users).When on the dock, open “ Applications” and then click “ Utilities.”.This shall reset the printing system of Yosemite and these steps shall remove all Printers and Fax/Scanners from the system, but those can restored by clicking the (+) button.Īnother Step is to Repair Disk Permissions It shall ask for Name and Password, type in and click OK.When the dialog box opens, Right-click (ctrl+click) on the left panel and select “ Reset Printing System.” and then click OK to confirm reset.Go to Hardware Tab, then locate Print & Fax/Scan and open it.Open System Preference by clicking on Apple Icon and selecting from the menu.If you’re already done with this step, you can skip this, as it’s required to do only one time.įirst of all, we need to Reset the Printing System. Fix HP Office Jet Pro Scanning Issues After Upgrading to macOS X Yosemiteįix HP Office Jet Pro Scanning Issues After Upgrading to macOS X Yosemite Solution 1įirst of all, there are some basic steps to do, which are required before going ahead to advanced troubleshooting for fixing the driver issues of HP Office Jet Pro with Mac OS X Yosemite:. The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if LastIndexOf(Object), and all of the algorithms in theĬollections class can be applied to a subList. Similar idioms may be constructed for indexOf(Object) and Any operation that expectsĪ list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view The sort that commonly exist for arrays). This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of The returned list supports all of the optional list operations. (IfįromIndex and toIndex are equal, the returned list isĮmpty.) The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structuralĬhanges in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa. Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specifiedįromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive. This list NullPointerException - if the specified array is null Is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in Returns: an array containing the elements of the list Throws: ArrayStoreException - if the runtime type of the specified array Same runtime type is allocated for this purpose. List only if the caller knows that the list does not containĪny null elements.) Specified by: toArray in interface Collection Specified by: toArray in interface List Overrides: toArray in class AbstractCollection Parameters: a - the array into which the elements of the list are toīe stored, if it is big enough otherwise, a new array of the (This is useful in determining the length of the The array immediately following the end of the collection is set to (i.e., the array has more elements than the list), the element in If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare Otherwise, a new array isĪllocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of Sequence (from first to last element) the runtime type of the returnedĪrray is that of the specified array. Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on thisĮxception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators Throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteedĪs it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the Than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined Thus, in the face ofĬoncurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather If the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator isĬreated, in any way except through the iterator's ownĬoncurrentModificationException. The iterators returned by this class's iterator and List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(.)) This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the Synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the list. Resizes the backing array merely setting the value of an element is notĪ structural modification.) This is typically accomplished by (A structural modification isĪny operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly If multiple threads access an ArrayList instance concurrently,Īnd at least one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it Note that this implementation is not synchronized. This may reduce the amount of incremental reallocation. Specified beyond the fact that adding an element has constant amortizedĪn application can increase the capacity of an ArrayList instanceīefore adding a large number of elements using the ensureCapacity It is alwaysĪt least as large as the list size. The size of the array used to store the elements in the list. To that for the LinkedList implementation.Įach ArrayList instance has a capacity. That is, adding n elements requires O(n) time. The add operation runs in amortized constant time, Iterator, and listIterator operations run in constant Vector, except that it is unsynchronized.) This class provides methods to manipulate the size of the array that is In addition to implementing the List interface, ImplementsĪll optional list operations, and permits all elements, including Resizable-array implementation of the List interface. |
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